ANNEX D
to Appeal to European Commission
NOTES AND REFERENCES
(1) - This quote is from
the SNH guidelines: "Annex 2 - Methods to assess the impacts of proposed onshore
wind farms on bird communities - 3. General guidelines - 3.1. Location is critically important".
(2) - Chilling Statistics see Section: 1) Altamont Pass.
(3) - "It appears that
factors other than tower type play more of a role in whether a particular turbine is associated with one or more fatalities,
such as prey distribution about the tower’s base, physical relief, and presence of declivity winds. Regardless, the
number of fatalities at tubular towers was higher than at horizontal lattice towers". THELANDER
Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area - December 2003 -Chapter
6: Discussion Also available here:
(4) - Birds and windfarms - Critical analysis of 4 reports on bird mortality at windfarm sites – see Section 1: The Lekuona Report - M. Duchamp
(2003)
(5) - DEVELOPING METHODS TO REDUCE BIRD MORTALITY IN THE ALTAMONT PASS
WIND RESOURCE AREA - Dr. Smallwood & K. Thelander, Aug. 2004.
SMALLWOOD - Note: Download chapter 3: Bird Mortality (11.7 megabytes) and go to page 73, Table 3.11, 1st line:
"116.5 Golden Eagles
p.a. adjusted for search detection and scavenging."
(6) - CARTER SEE PARAGRAPH 1.14 Dr. Jeremy Carter - Objection to Edinbane & Ben Aketil wind farm projects.
(7) - "In practice, Golden Eagle is a species that
is particularly vulnerable to collision, and indeed evidence indicates that where wind farms have been located in golden eagle
habitat they are killed in numbers far greater than would be expected from their abundance. The best available study (8) of
golden eagle behaviour in wind farms notes:
“…raptors spent significantly more time flying at close proximity
to turbine blades ... than 51-100 m away ... or >100 m away … Analyzing the total number of minutes of flight time
reveals that something about wind turbines may attract red-tailed hawks to fly near turbines and at dangerous heights. Similarly,
American kestrels flew in proximity level 1 (i.e. 1-50m from turbine) nearly four times longer than expected by chance, Golden
Eagles two times longer, and northern harriers three times longer".
Source: CARTER see SECTION 1.5
Reference 8 in the above quote:
Thelander, C. G. Smallwood, K.S., Rugge, L., Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area - National Renewable
Energy Laboratory Report SR-500-33829, 2003 and HERE.
(8) - Source: Objection to windfarm on the Lewis Peatlands SPA. Dr. Jeremy Carter 2004
- OBJECTION - see paragraph 3.15
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